Send Hello to Arduino from Android in USB Host Mode

This example send bytes of "Hello..." to Arduino Esplora board from Android in USB Host Mode. Please notice that it's just a middle stage in my exercise in USB Host Mode, not a final and mature example.


In Android Side:

MainActivity.java
package com.example.androidusbhost;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;

import android.hardware.usb.UsbConstants;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbDevice;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbDeviceConnection;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbEndpoint;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbInterface;
import android.hardware.usb.UsbManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

TextView textInfo;
TextView textSearchedEndpoint;

TextView textDeviceName;
TextView textStatus;

private static final int targetVendorID= 9025;
private static final int targetProductID = 32828;
UsbDevice deviceFound = null;
UsbInterface usbInterfaceFound = null;
UsbEndpoint endpointIn = null;
UsbEndpoint endpointOut = null;

private static final String ACTION_USB_PERMISSION =
"com.android.example.USB_PERMISSION";
PendingIntent mPermissionIntent;

UsbInterface usbInterface;
UsbDeviceConnection usbDeviceConnection;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

textStatus = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textstatus);

textDeviceName = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textdevicename);
textInfo = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.info);
textSearchedEndpoint = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.searchedendpoint);

//register the broadcast receiver
mPermissionIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, new Intent(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION), 0);
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_USB_PERMISSION);
registerReceiver(mUsbReceiver, filter);

registerReceiver(mUsbDeviceReceiver, new IntentFilter(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED));
registerReceiver(mUsbDeviceReceiver, new IntentFilter(UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED));

connectUsb();
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
releaseUsb();
unregisterReceiver(mUsbReceiver);
unregisterReceiver(mUsbDeviceReceiver);
super.onDestroy();
}

private void connectUsb(){

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"connectUsb()",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
textStatus.setText("connectUsb()");

searchEndPoint();

if(usbInterfaceFound != null){
setupUsbComm();
}

}

private void releaseUsb(){

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"releaseUsb()",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
textStatus.setText("releaseUsb()");

if(usbDeviceConnection != null){
if(usbInterface != null){
usbDeviceConnection.releaseInterface(usbInterface);
usbInterface = null;
}
usbDeviceConnection.close();
usbDeviceConnection = null;
}

deviceFound = null;
usbInterfaceFound = null;
endpointIn = null;
endpointOut = null;
}

private void searchEndPoint(){

textInfo.setText("");
textSearchedEndpoint.setText("");

usbInterfaceFound = null;
endpointOut = null;
endpointIn = null;

//Search device for targetVendorID and targetProductID
if(deviceFound == null){
UsbManager manager = (UsbManager) getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);
HashMap<String, UsbDevice> deviceList = manager.getDeviceList();
Iterator<UsbDevice> deviceIterator = deviceList.values().iterator();

while (deviceIterator.hasNext()) {
UsbDevice device = deviceIterator.next();

if(device.getVendorId()==targetVendorID){
if(device.getProductId()==targetProductID){
deviceFound = device;
}
}
}
}

if(deviceFound==null){
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"device not found",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
textStatus.setText("device not found");
}else{
String s = deviceFound.toString() + "\n" +
"DeviceID: " + deviceFound.getDeviceId() + "\n" +
"DeviceName: " + deviceFound.getDeviceName() + "\n" +
"DeviceClass: " + deviceFound.getDeviceClass() + "\n" +
"DeviceSubClass: " + deviceFound.getDeviceSubclass() + "\n" +
"VendorID: " + deviceFound.getVendorId() + "\n" +
"ProductID: " + deviceFound.getProductId() + "\n" +
"InterfaceCount: " + deviceFound.getInterfaceCount();
textInfo.setText(s);

//Search for UsbInterface with Endpoint of USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
//and direction USB_DIR_OUT and USB_DIR_IN

for(int i=0; i<deviceFound.getInterfaceCount(); i++){
UsbInterface usbif = deviceFound.getInterface(i);

UsbEndpoint tOut = null;
UsbEndpoint tIn = null;

int tEndpointCnt = usbif.getEndpointCount();
if(tEndpointCnt>=2){
for(int j=0; j<tEndpointCnt; j++){
if(usbif.getEndpoint(j).getType() ==
UsbConstants.USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK){
if(usbif.getEndpoint(j).getDirection() ==
UsbConstants.USB_DIR_OUT){
tOut = usbif.getEndpoint(j);
}else if(usbif.getEndpoint(j).getDirection() ==
UsbConstants.USB_DIR_IN){
tIn = usbif.getEndpoint(j);
}
}
}

if(tOut!=null && tIn!=null){
//This interface have both USB_DIR_OUT
//and USB_DIR_IN of USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK
usbInterfaceFound = usbif;
endpointOut = tOut;
endpointIn = tIn;
}
}

}

if(usbInterfaceFound==null){
textSearchedEndpoint.setText("No suitable interface found!");
}else{
textSearchedEndpoint.setText(
"UsbInterface found: " + usbInterfaceFound.toString() + "\n\n" +
"Endpoint OUT: " + endpointOut.toString() + "\n\n" +
"Endpoint IN: " + endpointIn.toString());
}
}
}

private boolean setupUsbComm(){

//for more info, search SET_LINE_CODING and
//SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE in the document:
//"Universal Serial Bus Class Definitions for Communication Devices"
//at http://adf.ly/dppFt
final int RQSID_SET_LINE_CODING = 0x20;
final int RQSID_SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE = 0x22;

boolean success = false;

UsbManager manager = (UsbManager) getSystemService(Context.USB_SERVICE);
Boolean permitToRead = manager.hasPermission(deviceFound);

if(permitToRead){
usbDeviceConnection = manager.openDevice(deviceFound);
if(usbDeviceConnection != null){
usbDeviceConnection.claimInterface(usbInterfaceFound, true);

showRawDescriptors(); //skip it if you no need show RawDescriptors

int usbResult;
usbResult = usbDeviceConnection.controlTransfer(
0x21, //requestType
RQSID_SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE, //SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE
0, //value
0, //index
null, //buffer
0, //length
0); //timeout

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"controlTransfer(SET_CONTROL_LINE_STATE): " + usbResult,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

//baud rate = 9600
//8 data bit
//1 stop bit
byte[] encodingSetting =
new byte[] {(byte)0x80, 0x25, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08 };
usbResult = usbDeviceConnection.controlTransfer(
0x21, //requestType
RQSID_SET_LINE_CODING, //SET_LINE_CODING
0, //value
0, //index
encodingSetting, //buffer
7, //length
0); //timeout
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"controlTransfer(RQSID_SET_LINE_CODING): " + usbResult,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();

byte[] bytesHello =
new byte[] {(byte)'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ',
'f', 'r', 'o', 'm', ' ',
'A', 'n', 'd', 'r', 'o', 'i', 'd'};
usbResult = usbDeviceConnection.bulkTransfer(
endpointOut,
bytesHello,
bytesHello.length,
0);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"bulkTransfer: " + usbResult,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}

}else{
manager.requestPermission(deviceFound, mPermissionIntent);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"Permission: " + permitToRead,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
textStatus.setText("Permission: " + permitToRead);
}



return success;
}

private void showRawDescriptors(){
final int STD_USB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR = 0x06;
final int LIBUSB_DT_STRING = 0x03;

byte[] buffer = new byte[255];
int indexManufacturer = 14;
int indexProduct = 15;
String stringManufacturer = "";
String stringProduct = "";

byte[] rawDescriptors = usbDeviceConnection.getRawDescriptors();

int lengthManufacturer = usbDeviceConnection.controlTransfer(
UsbConstants.USB_DIR_IN|UsbConstants.USB_TYPE_STANDARD, //requestType
STD_USB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR, //request ID for this transaction
(LIBUSB_DT_STRING << 8) | rawDescriptors[indexManufacturer], //value
0, //index
buffer, //buffer
0xFF, //length
0); //timeout
try {
stringManufacturer = new String(buffer, 2, lengthManufacturer-2, "UTF-16LE");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, e.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
textStatus.setText(e.toString());
}

int lengthProduct = usbDeviceConnection.controlTransfer(
UsbConstants.USB_DIR_IN|UsbConstants.USB_TYPE_STANDARD,
STD_USB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR,
(LIBUSB_DT_STRING << 8) | rawDescriptors[indexProduct],
0,
buffer,
0xFF,
0);
try {
stringProduct = new String(buffer, 2, lengthProduct-2, "UTF-16LE");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}

textStatus.setText("Manufacturer: " + stringManufacturer + "\n" +
"Product: " + stringProduct);
}

private final BroadcastReceiver mUsbReceiver =
new BroadcastReceiver() {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (ACTION_USB_PERMISSION.equals(action)) {

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"ACTION_USB_PERMISSION",
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
textStatus.setText("ACTION_USB_PERMISSION");

synchronized (this) {
UsbDevice device = (UsbDevice)intent.getParcelableExtra(UsbManager.EXTRA_DEVICE);

if (intent.getBooleanExtra(UsbManager.EXTRA_PERMISSION_GRANTED, false)) {
if(device != null){
connectUsb();
}
}
else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"permission denied for device " + device,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
textStatus.setText("permission denied for device " + device);
}
}
}
}
};

private final BroadcastReceiver mUsbDeviceReceiver =
new BroadcastReceiver() {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED.equals(action)) {

deviceFound = (UsbDevice)intent.getParcelableExtra(UsbManager.EXTRA_DEVICE);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"ACTION_USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED: \n" +
deviceFound.toString(),
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
textStatus.setText("ACTION_USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED: \n" +
deviceFound.toString());

connectUsb();

}else if (UsbManager.ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED.equals(action)) {

UsbDevice device = (UsbDevice)intent.getParcelableExtra(UsbManager.EXTRA_DEVICE);

Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
"ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED: \n" +
device.toString(),
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
textStatus.setText("ACTION_USB_DEVICE_DETACHED: \n" +
device.toString());

if(device!=null){
if(device == deviceFound){
releaseUsb();
}
}

textInfo.setText("");
}
}

};

}

The setting of usbDeviceConnection.controlTransfer() inside setupUsbComm() is copied from the post: Android USB Host + Arduino: How to communicate without rooting your Android Tablet or Phone

activity_main.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >

<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:autoLink="web"
android:text="http://arteluzevida.blogspot.com/"
android:textStyle="bold" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textstatus"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textStyle="bold" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/textdevicename"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textStyle="bold|italic" />

<ScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >

<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical" >

<TextView
android:id="@+id/info"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/searchedendpoint"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textStyle="bold" />

</LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>

</LinearLayout>


AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.androidusbhost"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >

<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.usb.host" />
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="13"
android:targetSdkVersion="18" />

<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.androidusbhost.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:configChanges="keyboard|orientation" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>

<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED"
android:resource="@xml/device_filter" />

<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_DETACHED" />
</intent-filter>

</activity>
</application>

</manifest>


download filesDownload the files.

In Arduino Side:

testSerial.ino
#include <Esplora.h>
#include <TFT.h>
#include <SPI.h>

int prevSw1 = HIGH;
int incomingByte = 0;
String charsIn = "";
char printout[20]; //max char to print: 20

void setup() {

EsploraTFT.begin();
EsploraTFT.background(0,0,0);
EsploraTFT.stroke(255,255,255); //preset stroke color

//Setup Serial Port with baud rate of 9600
Serial.begin(9600);

//indicate start
Esplora.writeRGB(255, 255, 255);
delay(250);
Esplora.writeRGB(0, 0, 0);

}

void loop() {
int sw1 = Esplora.readButton(SWITCH_1);
if(sw1 != prevSw1){
if(sw1 == LOW){
Serial.println("Hello from Arduino Esplora");
}
prevSw1 = sw1;
}

while (Serial.available()) {
char charRead = Serial.read();
charsIn.concat(charRead);
}
if(charsIn != ""){
Serial.println("How are you, " + charsIn);
charsIn.toCharArray(printout, 21);
EsploraTFT.background(0,0,0);
EsploraTFT.text(printout, 0, 10);
charsIn = "";
}
}

It's same as the code in my another blog: Serial communication between Arduino Esplora and PC



Step-by-step: Android USB Host Mode programming